Nearly every week, I get a question similar to the one below:

“It seems like every time my newborn is just about to fall asleep, he hits himself in the face and wakes himself up.  I’ve tried swaddling him, but I when I try this, he works himself out of it and the crying just gets worse.”

One of the common culprits to good sleep training, in the early months, is the “startle reflex.”  You have probably seen this in your own baby when he is just about ready to drift off to sleep and suddenly his little arms flail up and he wakes himself up.  This can also happen in the middle of the nap when baby is passing from one sleep cycle to the next.  Swaddling can often help with this issue.

To be most effective, you need to practice getting a good swaddle that is difficult to “wiggle” out of.

Try using an over-sized, lightweight, baby blanket.  Since it’s often hard to find one that is large enough, I made all of mine by just taking a very large piece of baby flannel and hemming the edges.  It needs to be large enough so that you cross his arms across his chest and then wrap  him up, from the arms down, like a little burrito.  Usually 2 to 2  1/2 times around is enough to keep the best escape artists wrapped up.  Now, this isn’t going to work well if you have a little one who likes to suck his fingers or thumb, but at least give the swaddling a try with one arm secured and see if that helps.

I frequently get questions from parents who have been using the principles from Babywise I, Babywise II and Toddlerwise from the beginning, but never quite saw the need to have a regular “room time” once their little ones outgrew playpen time. That is, until the new baby came! Or until they suddenly realize their 3 year old can’t stand to be left alone to play, for even a few moments. Is it too late to begin Room Time at the age of 3 or 4?  Of course not. Here are some ideas to introduce (or re-introduce) Room Time into your pre-schooler’s day.

It will help to make her room so that she isn’t able to pull everything and anything out, unless you have been teaching her all along about asking before she gets new things out to play.  I placed as much as I could in those plastic storage bins and either had them on shelves or under the bed or in the closet.

Then pull out just a few things.  Say a stack of a few books, and a puzzle or two.  And then 3 other toys, like a sorting toy, a couple of dolls, or some electronic toy.  The idea is to not overwhelm her with dozens of choices. Not only is she unlikely to really play with any one of them for any length of time (kind of defeating the purpose) but also, when it comes time to clean up, if there are more than 6 or 7 things out, it will seem overwhelming as well.

When it’s time for room time, be really excited and upbeat about the idea. “You’re getting to be such a big girl now, you get to do something extra special!”  It will be even better if, for the first time or two, she has something new to play with, or something that’s been put away for a while and she hasn’t seen it in a long time. Now, here’s the important part!  Those first several times, make the time short!!  Doesn’t even have to be more than 5 minutes!  Better yet, set a timer just outside her door and let her see you are putting it there, so that she can hear it when it goes off.  If it goes off and she’s having a wonderful time and would just as soon keep playing, all the better!!   Tell her she can have another “room time” later in the day, if you like. She’ll be that much more excited for the next time, and next time you can stretch the time to 10 minutes.  If, on the other hand, she spends the whole time crying, than again, the timer will begin to teach her that this is an objective amount of time and not based on how loudly she complains!  Just keep the time short until she begins to warm up to the whole idea and then slowly stretch it out.

Now, some children choose to spend some or even all of this time just laying on the floor.  That’s more likely if they have a favorite snuggle item or they suck their thumb, but regardless, there is nothing wrong with this. We all need time to have quiet time to think and reflect and if that’s how she spends this time, consider that she may be one of those with an active imagination.  If, on the other hand, you find that she tends to fall asleep, schedule room time for the early part of her wake time when she is well rested.

There is a utopian theory suggesting man­kind can engineer the perfect socialized child. That is a scary thought which usually has a preschool component attached to it. The very nature of children wars against the notion that a formalized preschool expe­rience can gain a child a social advantage that he otherwise could not have obtained. We believe any discussion about socialization must start with the nature of children, specifically, the nature of toddlers. Toddlers are too ego-centric to be placed in an environment filled with other ego-centric children. As we  use the term here, ‘ego-centric’ is not negative but descriptive of  when you put ten toddlers in a room, whose intrinsic world-view is centered on “me, myself and I” you can­not expect them to emerge with a healthy sense of others. Their tiny worldviews of the preciousness of ‘others’ cannot be manipulated nor mature faster than the course of nature allows. Most studies concur with this point of view.

We believe pushing a child into early-formalized socialization works against the child’s developmental age, abilities and interest. Toddlers right up through their third birthday engage in self-play, not cooperative play. Their inclination is to self-focus to the point of turning their backs to the other children and playing by themselves. Socialized play, where there is give-and-take within an activity usually begins around the age of three, rarely before.

Toddlers placed in organized preschool are often negatively impacted by the peer pressure associated with children from homes that do not share the same values as you do. That is because toddlers tend to imitate negative behaviors such as bully­ing, physical aggression, pushing and tak­ing toys from others more easily than they internalize virtuous conduct such as shar­ing, cooperating and being kind, which are non-existent in their peer group. This happens regardless of the wonderful efforts of the teacher.

Do you recall our earlier comments relating to emotions needing reciprocal responses? Toddlers lack the ability to empathize and thus cannot provide the reciprocal affirmation needed. They simply cannot turn off their sense of “me, myself and I” and become other-oriented. This is why over-socialization causes children to become too reliant on receiving approval and affirmation from a peer group, rather than from the steady and unchallenged source they find in their own home.

Parents hoping to give their children an educational advantage must realize that research is fairly consistent when it comes to academic gains. If there are any advantages gained from pushing children into preschool modules, they have a very limited shelf life. When you compare the temporary advantage gained with the offset in emotional and social set-back, you have to ask if sending your child to preschool is best when other options are available.

A better alternative to a formalized preschool setting is scheduling playtimes with other toddlers in your home, or your child in the home of others who come from families of likeminded persuasion. One playmate once or twice a week is plenty for the first couple of years of life. Children fair better socially when they experience pleasant contacts with other children (even on a limited basis), than children in pre­school settings where peer socialization is not always pleasant. The belief that a pre­school experience can help a child become better adjusted through early group social­ization speaks to the power of advertising more than it does to sound principles of social development.

Finally, if you ask any college student if they believe the activities they were involved in as a toddler advanced them in any way, you will likely hear that they can’t even remember them. Too many activi­ties at these tender ages can and will often burn a child out physically, emotionally and possibly neurologically. Your children do not have to be involved in everything! Simplify your life.

Preschools and day-cares provide a neces­sary service to families where both par­ents must work outside the home. In most cases, preschool staffers are dedicated and caring individuals who hold a child’s best interest at heart. We have friends around the country who operate wonderful day-care centers, where love abounds and understanding of unique needs brings satisfaction and a sense of relief to parents who otherwise would choose to be home with their child.

In these cases, the necessity of placing a toddler in an organized educational setting is good because it meets the immediate need of a working couple. It might be a better idea to find a likeminded relative or friends to care for your child in a home setting. Best we believe, finds Mom home with her children. Why do we believe this? Because aside from Dad’s, there is not another pair of hands more perfectly fitted to the heart of your child than your own.

We acknowledge that the ideal is preferable, we also recognize it is not possible in all cases. Thus, we wish to approach the topic of children, socializa­tion, and preschool strictly from a devel­opmental perspective. Our commentary should not be construed as a social state­ment on the rightness or wrongness of preschools. We are writing on this topic because every family is different and the variables of each family will not allow for cookie-cutter solutions when it comes to the necessity of child-care.

At the same time we must work with the reality of each situation. For example, the Mom who works outside the home will face different challenges in parenting at the end of the day than a stay-at-home Mom. Some of her parenting goals will not be achieved quite as fast. But when it comes to who is the ‘better mom’, between the two scenarios, the good news is this: The venue in which your child spends his day, whether at home or at school, is not a true measurement of your parenting.

Remember back to Preparation for Parenting when you were confronted with the breast or bottle-feeding decision? Descriptive terms such as ‘more caring’ or ‘better’ could not be attributed to one over the other in that case. The same is true of working parents. As authors our duty is not to pass judgment on those who have no other option but day-care, rather it is to provide understanding to those who do have an option and to help couples understand that “good” is not “better” and “better” is not “best”. When it comes to socialization, what is best for children when options are available to parents?

“I’m trying to teach my toddler to share but he is very resistant to giving up anything. What can I do?”

As a parent, you will of course encourage your child to share, but you also must realize that sharing is an advanced moral and social skill for a tod­dler because it requires self-sacrifice. Self-sacrifice is not a resident virtue within the nature of toddlers. It is not that your child doesn’t share on occasion, but rather he can­not just turn off his sense of “me, myself and I” and instantly become ‘other-oriented’.

Two-year-olds are more inclined to self-play than they are cooperative play. For example, if you place three two-year-olds in the same room with similar toys, their natural inclination is to self-focus to the point of turning their backs to the other children and play by themselves. Very lit­tle social interaction is going to take place except when one child desires a toy that another is playing with and the first child attempts a ‘hostile takeover’.

The type of socialized play, where there is the give-and-take of sharing, usually begins between age three and four and rarely before. Right now the best thing you can do is to continue to encourage sharing the way you are, but accept the fact that it will be a while before a moral sense of sharing-and-sacrifice begins to have intrin­sic value and meaning to your toddler.